Bawo ni awọn aaye iṣakoso ati data PPK ṣe ni ipa lori iṣedede ibatan ti awoṣe 3D

Ninu awọn adanwo meji yii, a ṣe agbekalẹ awọn oniyipada oriṣiriṣi mẹrin lati jẹrisi išedede ibatan ti awoṣe 3D naa. Awọn oniyipada oriṣiriṣi mẹrin ni:

1: Ti ngbe drone iru: a VTOL drone tabi a olona-rotor drone

2: oriṣiriṣi GSD

3: Pẹlu / Laisi awọn aaye iṣakoso ilẹ

4: Pẹlu / Laisi data PPK

Idanwo 1: ipa ti awọn aaye iṣakoso ilẹ (GCPs) lori iṣedede ibatan ti awoṣe 3D;

Ipo 1

Ti ngbe drone	Kamẹra oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	Bẹẹni

Abajade Tabili 1:

Nọmba ti Nkan	ipari wiwọn (L0)	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L1) laisi GCP	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L2) pẹlu GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.71	8.68	0.00	0.03
	10.961	10.87	10.90	0.09	0.06
2	7.010	6.89	6.98	0.12	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.40	0.02	0.01
5	10.718	10.67	10.70	0.05	0.02
6	13.787	13.75	13.77	0.04	0.02
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.02	0.02
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.81	0.01	-0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.36	0.02	0.01
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.16	0.13	0.12
11	14.675	14.61	14.66	0.07	0.02
	8.600	8.60	8.54	0.00	0.06
12	13.394	13.37	13.35	0.02	0.04
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.35	0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.40	6.41	0.03	0.02
16	3.742	3.75	3.72	-0.01	0.02
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.93	3.89	0.01	0.05
19	8.120	8.10	8.12	0.02	0.00
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.01	0.01
20	6.077	6.04	6.03	0.04	0.05
21	13.696	13.65	13.66	0.05	0.04
RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0342m, Ds2 = 0.0308m

Ipo 2

Ti ngbe drone	Kamẹra oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	Rara

Abajade Tabili 2:

Nọmba ti Nkan	ipari wiwọn (L0)	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L1) laisi GCP	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L2) pẹlu GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.18	0.030	0.030
	8.706	8.69	8.68	0.016	0.026
	10.961	10.89	10.91	0.071	0.051
2	7.010	6.88	6.92	0.130	0.090
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.032
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.020
5	10.718	10.65	10.66	0.068	0.058
6	13.787	13.72	13.77	0.067	0.017
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.47	0.086	0.056
	13.797	13.83	13.83	-0.033	-0.033
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.024	0.034
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.079
	4.281	4.14	4.18	0.141	0.101
11	14.675	14.55	14.59	0.125	0.085
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.35	0.034	0.044
13	12.940	12.95	12.92	-0.010	0.020
14	7.190	7.21	7.21	-0.020	-0.020
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.011
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.72	0.002	0.022
17	6.022	6.03	6.00	-0.008	0.022
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.09	0.030	0.030
	14.411	14.40	14.41	0.011	0.001
20	6.077	6.06	6.03	0.017	0.047
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0397m, Ds2 = 0.0328m

Ipo 3

Ti ngbe drone	Kamẹra oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	Bẹẹni

Abajade Tabili 3:

Nọmba ti Nkan	ipari wiwọn (L0)	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L1) laisi GCP	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L2) pẹlu GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.69	8.7	0.02	0.01
	10.961	10.88	10.89	0.08	0.07
2	7.010	6.87	6.99	0.14	0.02
3	1.822	1.75	1.78	0.07	0.04
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.69	0.03	0.03
6	13.787	13.78	13.76	0.01	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.39	0.02	0.01
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.03	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
	13.797	13.78	13.8	0.02	0.00
9	10.374	10.34	10.35	0.03	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
	4.281	4.21	4.28	0.07	0.00
11	14.675	14.65	14.68	0.03	0.00
	8.600	8.57	8.53	0.03	0.07
12	13.394	13.40	13.37	-0.01	0.02
13	12.940	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.190	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.46	6.4	-0.03	0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.71	-0.01	0.03
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.91	3.89	0.03	0.05
19	8.120	8.08	8.1	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.39	0.03	0.02
20	6.077	6.05	6.03	0.03	0.05
21	13.696	13.67	13.64	0.03	0.06
RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0328m, Ds2 = 0.0249m

Ipo 4

Ti ngbe drone	Kamẹra oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	Rara

Abajade Tabili 4:

Nọmba ti Nkan	ipari wiwọn (L0)	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L1) laisi GCP	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L2) pẹlu GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.010	0
	8.706	8.65	8.68	0.056	0.026
	10.961	10.90	10.87	0.061	0.091
2	7.010	6.86	6.88	0.150	0.13
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.37	10.38	0.040	0.03
5	10.718	10.68	10.72	0.038	-0.002
6	13.787	13.71	13.79	0.077	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.49	7.53	0.036	-0.004
	13.797	13.77	13.78	0.027	0.017
9	10.374	10.35	10.37	0.024	0.004
10	2.109	2.09	2.11	0.019	-0.001
	4.281	4.19	4.28	0.091	0.001
11	14.675	14.64	14.67	0.035	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.38	13.39	0.014	0.004
13	12.940	12.91	12.9	0.030	0.04
14	7.190	7.20	7.19	-0.010	0
15	13.371	13.38	13.37	-0.009	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.70	3.7	0.042	0.042
17	6.022	5.99	5.98	0.032	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.12	8.07	0.000	0.05
	14.411	14.37	14.38	0.041	0.031
20	6.077	6.04	6.04	0.037	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0356m, Ds2 = 0.0259m

Ipo 5

Ti ngbe drone	Kamẹra oblique	GSD	PPK
DJI M600 Pro Olona-ẹrọ	DG4pros	1.5cm	Rara

Abajade Tabili 5:

Nọmba ti Nkan	ipari wiwọn (L0)	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L1) laisi GCP	Awoṣe ipari 3D (L2) pẹlu GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.19	7.21	0.02	0.00
	8.706	8.70	8.70	0.01	0.01
	10.961	10.91	10.91	0.05	0.05
2	7.010	6.98	6.98	0.03	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.39	0.02	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.70	0.03	0.02
6	13.787	13.76	13.75	0.03	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.02	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.03	0.02
8	7.526	7.50	7.49	0.03	0.04
	13.797	13.77	13.79	0.03	0.01
9	10.374	10.33	10.35	0.04	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.07	0.09	0.04
	4.281	4.20	4.21	0.08	0.07
11	14.675	14.65	14.66	0.03	0.02
	8.600	8.57	8.57	0.03	0.03
12	13.394	13.35	13.35	0.04	0.04
13	12.940	12.92	12.93	0.02	0.01
14	7.190	7.17	7.18	0.02	0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.36	0.02	0.01
	6.435	6.41	6.42	0.02	0.01
16	3.742	3.70	3.71	0.04	0.03
17	6.022	5.99	6.00	0.03	0.02
18	3.937	3.89	3.91	0.05	0.03
19	8.120	8.08	8.10	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.36	14.35	0.05	0.06
20	6.077	6.06	6.06	0.02	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
RMSE: Ds1 = 0.0342m, Ds2 = 0.0256m

Awọn ipari

Awọn oniyipada ti idanwo 1 jẹ:

1: Pẹlu / Laisi data PPK.

2: Awọn iru drone ti ngbe: drone VTOL tabi drone rotor pupọ

3: GSD oriṣiriṣi: 1.5 cm tabi 2cm

Lẹhin itupalẹ awọn ipilẹ marun ti data esiperimenta, a le fa awọn ipinnu wọnyi:

Nigbati kamẹra oblique jẹ DG4Pros:

(1) Pẹlu / Laisi aaye iṣakoso ilẹ (GCP) ti o ni ipa ninu triangulation AT, boya o jẹ VTOL tabi drone-rotor pupọ, boya GSD jẹ 2cm tabi 1.5cm, awoṣe 3D ti a ṣe nipasẹ kamẹra oblique DG4Pros le pade awọn ibeere ti ojulumo aṣiṣe aṣiṣe Ds≤10cm.

(2) Nigbati pẹlu/laisi GCPs jẹ oniyipada ẹyọkan, išedede ibatan ti awoṣe 3D pẹlu awọn GCP dara ju iyẹn lọ laisi GCP.

(3) Nigbati GSD jẹ oniyipada ẹyọkan, deede ojulumo ti awoṣe 3D ti GSD 1.5cm dara ju GSD 2cm yẹn lọ.

(4) Nigbati drone ti ngbe jẹ oniyipada ẹyọkan, iṣedede ibatan ti awoṣe 3D ti lilo rotor pupọ dara julọ ju lilo VTOL bi drone ti ngbe.

Idanwo 2:Laisi awọn GCPs, ipa ti data PPK lori iṣedede ibatan ti awoṣe 3D

Ipo 1

Ti ngbe drone	Kamẹra oblique	GSD	Awọn GCPs
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	RARA

Abajade Tabili 1:

Nọmba ti Nkan	ipari wiwọn (L0)	Iwọn awoṣe 3D (L1) laisi PPK	3D awoṣe ipari (L2) pẹlu PPK	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.01
	8.706	8.69	8.71	0.016	0.00
	10.961	10.89	10.87	0.071	0.09
2	7.010	6.88	6.89	0.130	0.12
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.02
5	10.718	10.65	10.67	0.068	0.05
6	13.787	13.72	13.75	0.067	0.04
7	11.404	11.41	11.39	-0.006	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.44	7.51	0.086	0.02
	13.797	13.83	13.79	-0.033	0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.02
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.08
	4.281	4.14	4.15	0.141	0.13
11	14.675	14.55	14.61	0.125	0.07
	8.600	8.58	8.60	0.020	0.00
12	13.394	13.36	13.37	0.034	0.02
13	12.940	12.95	12.88	-0.010	0.06
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.01
	6.435	6.37	6.40	0.065	0.03
16	3.742	3.74	3.75	0.002	-0.01
17	6.022	6.03	5.97	-0.008	0.05
18	3.937	3.91	3.93	0.027	0.01
19	8.120	8.09	8.10	0.030	0.02
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.011	0.01
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.04
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.05
RMSE Ds1 = 0.0397m, Ds2 = 0.0342m

Ti tẹlẹ:Bawo ni aberration chromatic ati iparun ṣe ni ipa lori ima

Itele:Bawo ni ipari ifojusi ṣe ni ipa lori awọn abajade awoṣe 3D

Pada

RIY oblique kamẹra

RIE nikan-lẹnsi awọn kamẹra

Awọn ẹya ẹrọ

Ọjọgbọn

Dara ju fẹẹrẹfẹ

Fi akoko pamọ

Kọ ẹkọ iṣẹ ni iṣẹju 10

Didara aworan ti o ga ati deede

Ifihan amuṣiṣẹpọ

Logan ati ailewu

O le ṣepọ pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn iru drones

Iwadi / GIS

Ilu Smart

ikole / iwakusa

Tourism / Atijo ile Idaabobo

Ologun / Olopa

Abala

Idanwo 1: ipa ti awọn aaye iṣakoso ilẹ (GCPs) lori iṣedede ibatan ti awoṣe 3D;

Ipo 1

Abajade Tabili 1:

Ipo 2

Abajade Tabili 2:

Ipo 3

Abajade Tabili 3:

Ipo 4

Abajade Tabili 4:

Ipo 5

Abajade Tabili 5:

Awọn ipari

Idanwo 2:Laisi awọn GCPs, ipa ti data PPK lori iṣedede ibatan ti awoṣe 3D

Ipo 1

Abajade Tabili 1:

Awọn ọja+

Awọn ohun elo+

Abala+

Nipa re+

PE WA